Skin Glycation: The Not So Delicious Side Of Sugar

You wake up, a bit groggy and kind of bloated, but happy. The holiday season was a blast, with delicious sweet treats, cakes, cookies, and clinking glasses at every corner. If the room were circular, the sweet corner would have still found you. You acknowledge these extra few pounds you've found and choose not to step on the scale, embracing blissful ignorance of their exact number. 

But as the face in the mirror stares at you, something is off. What is this? The crows have left their feet by your eyes, and that line from the nose to the corner of the mouth seems a bit more sinister as you try to fake a smile. Where is your smooth forehead? This is the bitter side of sugar feasting - the process known as skin glycation that leads to premature aging. As you try to pull your face back with both hands to turn back time, and curse the delicious pies accordingly, you decide to reverse this sugar face and learn what skin glycation is. You're at the right place. Come along. 

What is Glycation?

Glycation is a process that occurs between sugar molecules, lipids, and proteins that creates compounds called Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). It happens as you brown that bread crust in the oven or sear the meat in a frying pan. Glycation skin processes are also basically the same occurrences, just not as fast as your gastro glycation. Basically, you're "browning" slower. Glycation products are delicious, giving off those wonderful mouthwatering aromas. French chemist Louis Camille Maillard discovered glycation in the early 20th century. He noticed that when amino acids (proteins) are heated with sugars, they form a yummy brownish-yellow compound. This reaction is now known as the Maillard reaction. When prepared with heat, all organic things will get some AGEs, but the differences between a chicken soup and a doughnut are massive... and cumulative. 

Skin glycation involves excess sugars binding to proteins or lipids, forming AGEs that accumulate in the skin and damage key structural proteins like collagen and elastin, which are responsible for keeping skin firm, plump, and youthful. As you already know, a deteriorating structural protein means a deterioration in the structure it was upholding aka your perky skin.

The Effect of Glycation on Skin

If left to rage, over time, the process leads to what many refer to as glycated skin. What does skin with glycation look like? It is characterized by wrinkles, loss of elasticity, dullness, and a rougher texture. But glycation doesn't just affect the surface. What you see is just a reflection of the impact on the deep architecture of the skin, accelerating the visible signs of aging from the inside out. 

The real problem of glycation is the broken glycated proteins that love to loiter in the dermis. They become a popular hangout for the multiplication of free radicals and the place to be for oxidative stress, creating a perfect storm to age and deteriorate skin. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are (literally) bad to the bone (yours), aging you inside and out. No, really, they are also present in diabetes and osteoporosis, where they affect bone matter. 

When AGEs accumulate in your skin, it's bad news for the synthesis and repair of collagen and elastin fibers, which lose their elasticity. The skin becomes less resilient, starts to sag, the skin barrier is compromised, the texture gets rough and uneven, and wrinkles and lines deepen. These wrinkles are often more profound and pronounced in glycated skin than they would be for that age group without the sugar damage. Fine lines are prone to appear, especially around the eyes and mouth, where the skin is thinner and creased and crinkled by extensive movement as we speak and blink. In other words, glycation can speed up the (entirely natural and unavoidable) aging process, increase inflammation, make skin look dull and tired, and lead to acne breakouts and other skin problems.  

How to Prevent Glycation?

Glycation happens naturally and is unavoidable to a certain extent, just like growing older. The clock will tick away no matter how hard you protest, except for a weird species of jellyfish that reverts to an earlier development stage when stressed. Their protest worked; we don't know how. Imagine you, toddling around after a day at work, that would be nice. But that's not our reality. 

Even with normal glucose levels, you will still "slowly brown," and all who eat, live, and breathe will develop some AGEs. Still, high-sugar diets can accelerate their formation, amplifying the effects of glycation on our skin and overall health. An occasional indulgence is great for letting some steam off (since we can't jellyfish our way through stress), but chronic overconsumption is a really bad idea, harming the future you on a cellular level. Adopt long-term lifestyle habits that will protect you from premature aging and diseases of old age, such as:

Avoid sugar and processed carbs

It's no use adding things in if we don't first remove what is not working. Avoid foods high in added sugar, processed carbohydrates, and high-glycemic foods. These include sweets, processed foods, fruit juices, and white bread. There are some foods that are particularly high in advanced glycation end-products. These include processed meats (bacon, ham, sausages), fried foods (French fries, chicken nuggets), grilled meat, and sugary foods (cookies, cake, and other sweets).  Opt for a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. 

Choose healthier cooking methods 

The amount of AGEs in the same food may vary significantly, depending on the cooking method you prefer. If you're all about quick searing on high heat, you may destroy even neutral foods. Rather than using dry, high heat, try moist cooking at lower temperatures, like stewing, poaching, boiling, and steaming.

In addition, cooking meat (which will naturally produce more AGEs when prepared) with acidic ingredients (vinegar, tomato juice, lemon, lime) can cut AGE production by up to 50%. Invest in a slow cooker. This might be the best thing you do for your skin after quitting added sugar.

Consume Antioxidant-rich Foods

Antioxidants help protect the skin from the oxidative stress caused by glycation and from rogue free radical molecules destroying those around them by stealing electrons. Berries, dark chocolate, and green tea are excellent sources of antioxidants that can help counteract the effects of glycation on your skin and overall health. Raw fruit and veggies are also high in antioxidants. Plus, they contain enzymes that can help repair damage caused by glycation. Find foods high in vitamin C, vitamin E, and polyphenols you like and make it a point to consume some daily. 

Drink Plenty of Water

While water itself will not fix the damage done by AGEs, it will help prevent further damage by keeping skin hydrated, maintaining elasticity, and minimizing the appearance of wrinkles. If you've ever wondered why your skin looked so bad after a night of drinking and why every single line and wrinkle is amplified, it's dehydration. Drink plenty of water - it's good for the skin and for the digestion to eliminate some AGEs from the digestive tract.

Eat Food Rich in Collagen

Bone broth, fresh and saltwater fish bones, skin, and connective tissue meat are all packed with collagen, which, in addition to helping your skin and gut, will also take care of your skin, nails, and joints.

Move Your Body

Physical activity increases circulation to all cells in the body, including skin cells, delivering fresh oxygen and nutrients. It also uses muscles that are glucose-hungry to mop up all of the extra glucose and keep a stable blood sugar level. Engaging in a consistent exercise routine contributes to overall better health and a decreased risk of glycation-related issues. There is no need to go hardcore Sparta-style; just strap those sneakers and go for a walk.

Use Sun Protection

Listen to Buzz Luhrmann and wear sunscreen. Ideally, you'd wear it daily to shield your skin from UV rays as much as possible, because our sun, although giving life to the planet, is also a nuclear furnace that radiates, which can intensify glycation-related damage.

Collagen-Boosting Skincare 

Use skincare products that contain ingredients like hyaluronic acid, retinol, and vitamin C. These can help boost collagen production and protect your skin from glycation damage. There seems to be some evidence that some compounds, like carnosine, aminoguanidine, and alpha-lipoic acid, can inhibit AGE formation.

Can Glycation Be Reversed?

What was once "browned" can never be unbrowned. You couldn't unfry a stake or uncook the bread. In this vein, full reversal of skin glycation and your sugar face is not realistic. You'll never have the skin of a 20-year-old once you're 50 (unless undergoing some serious surgical intervention), nor should you. Still, you can have the skin of a well-taken care of 40-year-old by smart prevention, self-care, and mitigating the AGEs' effects. You can visibly improve skin quality over time. Here's how to reverse glycation in skin as much as possible:

• Use retinoids or retinol, which stimulate collagen production.
• Incorporate glycolic acid or other AHAs, which promote cell turnover and improve texture.
• Choose peptides and growth factors that support skin regeneration.

Emerging treatments like fractional laser therapy and microneedling with radiofrequency are also being studied for their ability to remodel damaged collagen and may help reverse signs of skin glycation.

Conclusion

Understanding what is glycation and its effect on the skin is the first step toward prevention. Reducing sugar intake, wearing SPF, and using targeted skincare can significantly slow the glycation of skin and help you maintain a more youthful complexion.

By taking action now, you can avoid the long-term damage of glucation and restore vitality to skin with glycation.